What does the term posterior refer to?

The term "posterior" is used in anatomical terminology to refer to the back side of the body. In medical contexts, this term helps to provide clear and precise descriptions of locations and orientations within the human body. For example, when discussing the location of certain organs or structures, saying they are located posteriorly indicates that they are situated towards the back as opposed to the front. This is particularly useful in ensuring effective communication in healthcare settings, such as during diagnoses, treatment planning, and surgery.

The other terms provided have specific meanings that do not align with the definition of posterior. The front of the body is referred to as "anterior," while "away from the surface" typically relates to deeper structures, and "nearer to the trunk" is described as "proximal." By contrast, using "posterior" accurately conveys the intended anatomical positioning.